PrusaFirmware/lang/translations.md

Translations

Workflow

• Build firmware
  • using build.sh
  • using PF-build.sh with a parameter -c 1 to keep lang build files after compiling
• change to lang folder
• check if lang scripts being able to run with config.sh
  • if you get Arduino main folder: NG message change in config.sh export ARDUINO=C:/arduino-1.8.5 to export ARDUINO=<Path to your Arduino IDE folder> -example: export ARDUINO=D:/Github/Prusa-Firmware/PF-build-env-1.0.6/windows-64
• run lang-build.sh en to create english lang_en.tmp, lang_en.dat and lang_en.bin files
• change in fw-build.sh IGNORE_MISSING_TEXT=1 to IGNORE_MISSING_TEXT=0 so it stops with error and generates not_used<variant>.txt and not_tran<variant>.txt
• run modified fw-build.sh
  • not_tran<variant>.txt should be reviewed and added as these are potential missing translations
  • copy not_tran<variant>.txt as lang_add.txt
    • check if there are things you don't want to translate or must be modified
    • als check that the strings do not start with spaces as the scripts doesn't handle these well at this moment.
    • run lang-add.sh lang_add.txt to add the missing translations to lang_en.txt and lang_en_??.txt
  • not_used<variant>.txt should only contain messages that aren't used in this variant like MK2.5/S vs MK3/S
• run fw-clean.sh to cleanup firmware related files
• delete not_used<variant>.txt and not_tran<variant>.txt
• run lang-clean.sh to cleanup language related files
• run lang-export.sh all to create PO files for translation these are stored in /lang/po folder
  • Send them to translators and reviewers or
  • copy these to /lang/po/new and
  • translate these with POEdit the newly added messages
  • easiest way is to choose Validatein POEdit as it shows you errors and the missing translations / most likely the newly added at the top.
• The new translated files are expected in /lang/po/new folder so store the received files these
• run lang-import.sh <language code (iso639-1)> for each newly translated language
  • script improvement to import "all" and other things would be great.
• Double check if something is missing or faulty
  • run PF-build.sh -v all -n 1 -c 1 to compile for all variants files
  • check if there are still some messages in not_tran<variant>.txt that need attention
• After approval
  • run fw-clean.sh to cleanup firmware related files
  • run lang-clean.sh to cleanup language related files
  • change in fw-build.sh back to IGNORE_MISSING_TEXT=1
  • build your firmware with build.sh, PF-build.sh or how you normally do it.
  • Check/Test firmware on printer

Code / usage

There are 2 modes of operation. If LANG_MODE==0, only one language is being used (the default compilation approach from plain Arduino IDE). The reset of this explanation is devoted to LANG_MODE==1:

language.h:

// section .loc_sec (originally .progmem0) will be used for localized translated strings
#define PROGMEM_I2 __attribute__((section(".loc_sec")))
// section .loc_pri (originally .progmem1) will be used for localized strings in english
#define PROGMEM_I1 __attribute__((section(".loc_pri")))
// section .noloc (originally progmem2) will be used for not localized strings in english
#define PROGMEM_N1 __attribute__((section(".noloc")))
#define _I(s) (__extension__({static const char __c[] PROGMEM_I1 = "\xff\xff" s; &__c[0];}))
#define ISTR(s) "\xff\xff" s
#define _i(s) lang_get_translation(_I(s))
#define _T(s) lang_get_translation(s)

That explains the macros:

• _i expands into lang_get_translation((__extension__({static const char __c[] PROGMEM_I1 = "\xff\xff" s; &__c[0];}))) . Note the two 0xff's in the beginning of the string. _i allows for declaring a string directly in-place of C++ code, no string table is used. The downside of this approach is obvious - the compiler is not able/willing to merge duplicate strings into one.
• _T expands into lang_get_translation(s) without the two 0xff's at the beginning. Must be used in conjunction with MSG tables in messages.h. Allows to declare a string only once and use many times.
• _N means not-translated. These strings reside in a different segment of memory.

The two 0xff's are somehow magically replaced by real string ID's where the translations are available (still don't know where).

const char* lang_get_translation(const char* s){
	if (lang_selected == 0) return s + 2; //primary language selected, return orig. str.
	if (lang_table == 0) return s + 2; //sec. lang table not found, return orig. str.
	uint16_t ui = pgm_read_word(((uint16_t*)s)); //read string id
	if (ui == 0xffff) return s + 2; //translation not found, return orig. str.
	ui = pgm_read_word(((uint16_t*)(((char*)lang_table + 16 + ui*2)))); //read relative offset
	if (pgm_read_byte(((uint8_t*)((char*)lang_table + ui))) == 0) //read first character
		return s + 2;//zero length string == not translated, return orig. str.
	return (const char*)((char*)lang_table + ui); //return calculated pointer
}

Files

lang_en.txt

#MSG_CRASH_DET_ONLY_IN_NORMAL c=20 r=4
"Crash detection can\x0abe turned on only in\x0aNormal mode"

lang_en_*.txt

#MSG_CRASH_DET_ONLY_IN_NORMAL c=20 r=4
"Crash detection can\x0abe turned on only in\x0aNormal mode"
"Crash detekce muze\x0abyt zapnuta pouze v\x0aNormal modu"

1. a comment - usually a MSG define with number of characters (c) and rows (r)
2. English text
3. translated text

not_tran.txt

A simple list of strings that are not translated yet.

not_used.txt

A list os strings not currently used in this variant of the firmware or are obsolete. Example: There are MK2.5 specific messages that aren't used when you compile a MK3 variant and vice versa. So be careful and double check the code if this message is obsolete or just not used due to the chosen variant.

Scripts

config.sh

• Checks setup and sets auxiliary env vars used in many other scripts.
• Looks for env var ARDUINO. If not found/empty, a default C:/arduino-1.8.5 is used.
• Sets env var CONFIG_OK=1 when all good, otherwise sets CONFIG_OK=0

fw-build.sh

Joins firmware HEX and language binaries into one file.

fw-clean.sh

lang-add.sh

Adds new messages into the dictionary regardless of whether there have been any older versions.

lang-build.sh

Generates lang_xx.bin (language binary files) for the whole firmware build.

Arguments:

• $1 : language code (en, cz, de, es, fr, it, pl) or all
• empty/no arguments defaults to all

Input: lang_en.txt or lang_en_xx.txt

Output: lang_xx.bin

Temporary files: lang_xx.tmp and lang_xx.dat

Description of the process: The script first runs lang-check.py $1 and removes empty lines and comments (and non-translated texts) into lang_$1.tmp. The tmp file now contains all translated texts (some of them empty, i.e. ""). The tmp file is then transformed into lang_$1.dat, which is a simple dump of all texts together, each terminated with a \x00. Format of the bin file:

• 00-01: A5 5A
• 02-03: B4 4B
• 04-05: 2B size
• 06-07: 2B number of strings
• 08-09: 2B checksum
• 0A-0B: 2B lang code hex data: basically en converted into ne, i.e. characters swapped. Only cz is changed into sc (old cs ISO code).
• 0C-0D: 2B signature low
• 0E-0F: 2B signature high
• 10-(10 + 2*number of strings): table of string offsets from the beginning of this file
• after the table there are the strings themselves, each terminated with \x00

The signature is composed of 2B number of strings and 2B checksum in lang_en.bin. Signature in lang_en.bin is zero.

lang-check.sh and lang-check.py

Both do the same, only lang-check.py is newer, i.e. lang-check.sh is not used anymore. lang-check.py makes a binary comparison between what's in the dictionary and what's in the binary.

lang-clean.sh

Removes all language output files from lang folder. That means deleting:

• if [ "$1" = "en" ]; then rm_ifexists lang$1.tmp else rm_ifexists lang$1.tmp rm_if_exists langen$1.tmp rm_if_exists langen$1.dif rm_ifexists lang$1.ofs rm_ifexists lang$1.txt fi rm_ifexists lang$1_check.dif rm_ifexists lang$1.bin rm_ifexists lang$1.dat rm_ifexists lang$1_1.tmp rm_ifexists lang$1_2.tmp

lang-export.sh

Exports PO (gettext) for external translators.

lang-import.sh

Import from PO.

Arguments:

• $1 : language code (en, cz, de, es, fr, it, pl)
• empty/no arguments quits the script

Input files: <language code>.po files like de.po, es.po, etc.

Input folder: ´/lang/po/new´

Output files:

Output foler: ´/lang/po/new´

Needed improvements to scripts:

• add all argument
• update replace in <language> translations to all known special characters the LCD display with Japanese ROM cannot display
• move lang_en_<language code>.txt to folder /lang
• cleanup <language code>_filtered.po, <language code>_new.po and nonasci.txt

progmem.sh

Examine content of progmem sections (default is progmem1).

Input:

• $OUTDIR/Firmware.ino.elf
• $OUTDIR/sketch/*.o (all object files)

Outputs:

• text.sym - formatted symbol listing of section '.text'
• $PROGMEM.sym - formatted symbol listing of section '.progmemX'
• $PROGMEM.lss - disassembly listing file
• $PROGMEM.hex - variables - hex
• $PROGMEM.chr - variables - char escape
• $PROGMEM.var - variables - strings
• $PROGMEM.txt - text data only (not used)

Description of process:

• check input files
• remove output files
• list symbol table of section '.text' from output elf file to text.sym (sorted by address)
• calculate start and stop address of section '.$PROGMEM'
• dump $PROGMEM data in hex format, cut disassembly (keep hex data only) into $PROGMEM.lss
• convert $PROGMEM.lss to $PROGMEM.hex:
  • replace empty lines with '|' (variables separated by empty lines)
  • remove address from multiline variables (keep address at first variable line only)
  • remove '<' and '>:', remove whitespace at end of lines
  • remove line-endings, replace separator with '\n' (join hex data lines - each line will contain single variable)
• convert $PROGMEM.hex to $PROGMEM.chr (prepare string data for character check and conversion)
  • replace first space with tab
  • replace second and third space with tab and space
  • replace all remaining spaces with '\x'
  • replace all tabs with spaces
• convert $PROGMEM.chr to $PROGMEM.var (convert data to text) - a set of special characters is escaped here including \x0a

textaddr.sh

Compiles progmem1.var and lang_en.txt files to textaddr.txt file (mapping of progmem addresses to text identifiers).

Description of process:

• check if input files exists
• create sorted list of strings from progmem1.var and lang_en.txt
• lines from progmem1.var will contain address (8 chars) and english text
• lines from lang_en.txt will contain line number and english text
• after sort this will generate pairs of lines (line from progmem1 first)
• result of sort is compiled with simple script and stored into file textaddr.txt

Input:

• progmem1.var
• lang_en.txt

Output:

• textaddr.txt

update_lang.sh